Barak served as President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1995 to 2006.

• Previously, he served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1978 to 1995, and as Attorney General of Israel from 1975 to 1978.

• In 2024, Barak was appointed by Israel to the 15-judge panel at the International Court of Justice, to serve on South Africa's case accusing Israel of genocide in the war against Hamas.